Gramática · Gratis, sin cuenta
Los 50 verbos irregulares más usados
Agrupados por el patrón que siguen sus tres formas, no por orden alfabético. Son tres formas de comportarse, y cada una se aprende una sola vez.
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51 verbos
La lista alfabética de verbos irregulares es la peor forma posible de publicarlos: pone be al lado de bear y beat, tres verbos que no tienen nada que ver, y te pide memorizar ciento cincuenta palabras sueltas.
Por patrón resulta que solo hay tres comportamientos: los que no cambian nunca, los que repiten forma en pasado y participio, y los que cambian las tres veces. El segundo grupo es el más grande con diferencia, y el tercero, el que de verdad hay que estudiar, es sorprendentemente corto.
Las tres formas iguales
Los más fáciles de todos: no cambian nunca. El único riesgo es dudar y añadir una «-ed» que no existe.
- cutcutcut— cortar
I cut my finger opening the box.
- putputput— poner
She put the keys on the table an hour ago.
- letletlet— dejar, permitir
They let us leave early on Friday.
- setsetset— fijar, colocar
We set the deadline for March.
- hithithit— golpear
The storm hit the coast at midnight.
- costcostcost— costar
That mistake cost us three clients.
- shutshutshut— cerrar
He shut the door without a word.
- readreadread— leer — se escribe igual, se pronuncia /red/ en pasado
I read the whole report last night.
Pasado y participio iguales
El grupo más grande con diferencia. Aprendes una forma y te sirve para el pasado y para el participio.
- havehadhad— tener, haber
We had already left when she called.
- saysaidsaid— decir
He said he would call back.
- makemademade— hacer, fabricar
They made the decision without us.
- getgotgot / gotten— conseguir, obtener
I've got a lot better at this.
- thinkthoughtthought— pensar
I thought you were joking.
- bringbroughtbrought— traer
She brought her sister to the party.
- buyboughtbought— comprar
We bought the tickets weeks ago.
- teachtaughttaught— enseñar
Nobody taught me that at school.
- catchcaughtcaught— atrapar, coger
He caught the last train home.
- findfoundfound— encontrar
I found it under the sofa.
- leaveleftleft— dejar, marcharse
They left before the speeches.
- feelfeltfelt— sentir
I felt terrible about it afterwards.
- keepkeptkept— guardar, mantener
She kept every letter he sent.
- sleepsleptslept— dormir
I slept badly all week.
- meetmetmet— conocer, quedar con
We met at a conference in Lisbon.
- loselostlost— perder
They lost the contract last month.
- paypaidpaid— pagar
I paid for it in cash.
- sellsoldsold— vender
The flat sold in four days.
- telltoldtold— contar, decir a alguien
Nobody told me the meeting had moved.
- holdheldheld— sostener, celebrar
The conference was held in Berlin.
- buildbuiltbuilt— construir
They built the whole thing in a year.
- sendsentsent— enviar
I sent the invoice on Tuesday.
- spendspentspent— gastar, pasar (tiempo)
We spent the afternoon arguing.
- standstoodstood— estar de pie, soportar
He stood there saying nothing.
- understandunderstoodunderstood— entender
I understood about half of it.
- hearheardheard— oír
Have you heard the news?
- winwonwon— ganar
She won the case on appeal.
- sitsatsat— sentarse
We sat outside until it got cold.
Las tres formas distintas
Los que hay que aprender de verdad. Son pocos, pero son los que más se usan.
- bewas / werebeen— ser, estar
I've been here since eight.
- gowentgone— ir
She's gone to the airport already.
- dodiddone— hacer
I've done everything you asked.
- seesawseen— ver
I saw her yesterday, but I haven't seen him.
- taketooktaken— tomar, llevar
It's taken longer than we expected.
- givegavegiven— dar
They gave us an extra week.
- knowknewknown— saber, conocer
I've known her for years.
- writewrotewritten— escribir
He'd written three drafts before that one.
- speakspokespoken— hablar
I've spoken to them twice.
- breakbrokebroken— romper
Someone's broken the printer again.
- drivedrovedriven— conducir
She'd driven all night to get there.
- beginbeganbegun— empezar
The talks had begun without them.
- drinkdrankdrunk— beber
He'd drunk far too much coffee.
- eatateeaten— comer
Have you eaten yet?
- forgetforgotforgotten— olvidar
I'd forgotten how cold it gets here.
fluvia.chat — Los 50 verbos irregulares más usados
DE LO QUE LEES A LO QUE DICES
La tabla te la sabes. El problema es la conversación.
Recitar «go, went, gone» no es lo mismo que decir gone sin pensarlo a mitad de una frase. Fluvia te corrige justo ahí, en el momento en que se te escapa.
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